{"id":7528,"date":"2024-08-06T23:45:38","date_gmt":"2024-08-06T21:45:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/everydaybetter.nl\/?p=7528"},"modified":"2026-10-02T20:30:55","modified_gmt":"2026-10-02T18:30:55","slug":"breakthrough-in-hiv-treatment-the-promising-role-of-nmn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/everydaybetter.nl\/en\/breakthrough-in-hiv-treatment-the-promising-role-of-nmn\/","title":{"rendered":"NMN and HIV: what research on CD4+ T cells shows"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<p class=\"speakable-summary\"><strong>Short answer:<\/strong> in a 2023 study (Mo et al., <em>eBioMedicine<\/em>), NMN reduced the activation and proliferation of HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells in the lab. In humanized mice, CD4+ T cells recovered better with NMN plus standard antiretroviral therapy (cART) than with cART alone. This is early, preclinical research: there are no human results yet, and NMN is not a treatment for HIV.<\/p>\n<h2>Why researchers are looking at NMN and HIV<\/h2>\n<p>Modern antiretroviral therapy (cART) suppresses the virus well in most people. Still, in some patients CD4+ T-cell counts fail to recover, even when the virus is undetectable in the blood. These people are often called <em>immunological non-responders<\/em>. Persistent, excessive immune activation appears to be an important cause.<\/p>\n<p>NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) is a precursor of NAD+, a coenzyme cells use for energy production and for regulating immune cells. Because NAD+ metabolism influences how T cells are activated, researchers tested whether NMN could dampen that overactivation.<\/p>\n<h2>What did the eBioMedicine study (2023) find?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>In the lab (cell culture):<\/strong> NMN raised NAD+ levels in CD4+ T cells and reduced production of the viral protein p24 and proliferation of infected cells, especially activated CD25+ cells, without clear toxicity.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Patient cells:<\/strong> in resting CD4+ T cells from people already successfully treated with cART, NMN reduced expression of the activation marker CD25 after reactivation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Humanized mice:<\/strong> HIV-1-infected mice with a human immune system showed significantly better CD4+ T-cell recovery with cART plus NMN than with cART or NMN alone, with fewer activated and dying CD4+ T cells.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>According to the researchers, NMN does not work by blocking the virus directly, but by dampening activation and proliferation of infected T cells.<\/p>\n<h2>What this does and does not mean<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Does:<\/strong> it is a well-founded reason to study NMN further as an add-on to cART in people whose immune system recovers poorly.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Does not:<\/strong> these results come from cell culture and mice, which often do not translate to humans. It has not been shown that NMN raises CD4+ counts, suppresses the virus or improves symptoms in people with HIV. NMN never replaces HIV medication; always consult your HIV specialist before adding a supplement.<\/p>\n<h2>Is there research in humans?<\/h2>\n<p>Yes. A clinical trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06889142) on the effect of NMN supplementation on CD4+ T-cell recovery in people with HIV and poor immune recovery. Only when such studies are completed can anything be said about effectiveness and safety in this group.<\/p>\n<h2>How this fits into broader NMN research<\/h2>\n<p>In healthy adults, human studies mainly show that NMN raises blood NAD+ and is generally well tolerated, while effects on concrete health outcomes are mixed. Read more in our overview of <a href=\"https:\/\/everydaybetter.nl\/en\/latest-nmn-studies-2026-what-do-clinical-trials-really-say-about-longevity-and-anti-aging\/\">the latest NMN studies of 2026<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/everydaybetter.nl\/en\/supplements-for-healthy-aging\/nmn\/how-does-nmn-work\/\">how NMN and NAD+ work<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<h3>Can NMN cure or treat HIV?<\/h3>\n<p>No. There is no evidence that NMN cures or treats HIV. The research is preclinical and looked at NMN as a possible add-on to cART, not a replacement.<\/p>\n<h3>Is NMN safe alongside antiretroviral drugs?<\/h3>\n<p>This has not been studied in humans. Possible interactions with antiretrovirals are unknown, so always discuss supplements with your doctor first.<\/p>\n<h3>What is CD25?<\/h3>\n<p>CD25 is a protein on the surface of activated T cells (part of the interleukin-2 receptor). It is used as a marker of immune activation.<\/p>\n<h2>Sources<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Mo Y, et al. <em>Nicotinamide mononucleotide impacts HIV-1 infection by modulating immune activation in T lymphocytes and humanized mice.<\/em> eBioMedicine. 2023;98:104877. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37980794\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PubMed 37980794<\/a><\/li>\n<li>ClinicalTrials.gov. <em>Impact of NMN Supplementation on CD4+ T Cell Recovery in HIV Patients With Immunological Failure.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06889142\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NCT06889142<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; 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